Modern American drama is a rich tapestry that reflects the complexities of 20th-century life, tracing its roots from the early European influences to the distinctly American voices that emerged after World War I. This retrospect examines the evolution of the genre, focusing on how playwrights transitioned from traditional realism to experimental forms to address the shifting social, political, and psychological landscapes of the United States. Key figures such as Eugene O'Neill, Arthur Miller, and Tennessee Williams are discussed in relation to their contributions to the development of themes like the American Dream, family dynamics, and individual alienation. The study highlights how O'Neill introduced European expressionism to the American stage, while Miller and Williams further refined the dramatic form to explore the intersection of private struggles and public morality. By looking back at these foundational works, the research illustrates how modern American drama served as a mirror to a nation in transition, grappling with the pressures of industrialization, war, and the quest for identity. The paper concludes that the legacy of these early 20th-century masters continues to shape contemporary theatrical practices, providing a framework for understanding the ongoing evolution of drama as a social and artistic force in America.

Keywords: Modern Drama, American Literature, Eugene O'Neill, Realism, Expressionism, American Dream.